常见问题解答

The propeller is specifically designed to perfectly match the power combo and pull force. The firmware algorithm has mapped the corresponding PWM speed based on the propeller's characteristics during initial matching. Therefore, there is no need to completely replace the propeller; it can be replaced within a small range, such as from 22 inches to 21 inches. does not recommend replacing the propeller due to potential risks associated with mismatched speeds and accelerator curing. Replacing with a larger propeller may risk burning ESC Speed while using a smaller one may result in insufficient tension. Additionally, we utilize resistance and inductance of the motor for sensing position according to specified KV value.

You need to turn down the PID sensitivity of the flight control, Since the FOC ESC response speed is fast.

Most of our motors can also be used as generators/starters in combustion engine powered system. Please contact us before you buy it.

For example ,let's say your quadcopter done weight 2kg in total, and you chose a thrust of the motor, 2/4=0.5kg, so you need fund a motor the 0.5kg thrust at 40%-70% have 0.5kg thrust. We recommend using the Calc tool to select the motors and calculate the flight time.

If you’re still unsure about which motor to choose, don’t worry! We had did professional benchmark test in our lab, so In each motor data, weight for various types of drones, such as quadcopters, hexacopters,opters, and X8 provides detailed information on the recommended ESC and Propells and the data shows thrust, current output power,input power, throttle position,efficiency, and efficiency. You can choose the motor as well as ESC and propeller as the benchmark guide.

Generally speaking, brushed motors are used in the smallest drones, whereas larger drone and UAVs will use burshless motors,as they can carry the extra weight of the additional electronics, Brushless drone motors also require an electronic speed controller(ESC) to operate.

The design of A motors will be considered fixed, like an airplane, for motor usage, and a higher KV value will be suitable for a higher pitch propeller. The design of V motors will be considered for vertical up and down motor usage, and a lower KV value will be suitable for a lower pitch propeller.

Yes, of course you can. It is also highly suitable.

Our brand motor usually have two version: 1. EEE is ENTHUSIASTS EXTREME EDITION for extreme weight reduction while maintaining the highest possible proformance. 2.IPE is INDUSTRY PROFESIONAL EDITION for higher level of waterproof and protection.

A: In motor control, square-wave driving (e.g., six-step commutation) is prone to losing synchronization at high current mainly due to factors such as current dynamic response, magnetic field nonlinearity, and commutation delay. Below is a detailed analysis:

1. Current Response Lag (Inductance Effect)
Issue: The motor winding has inductance (L), and the rate of current change is limited by V=LdidtV=Ldtdi

At high current:

A higher voltage is required to rapidly increase the current, but the PWM voltage from square-wave driving is limited.

The current build-up speed cannot keep pace with the commutation rhythm, causing the magnetic field to fail to align with the rotor position in time, leading to a torque dip.

Consequence: The rotor may lose synchronization due to insufficient instantaneous torque, especially at high speed or during sudden load application.

2. Nonlinear Impact During Commutation
Square-wave commutation characteristic: Every 60° electrical angle, the current direction is forcibly switched (e.g., “AB → AC”), resulting in a rectangular current waveform.

Problems under high current:

Slow decay of phase-off current: Due to stored energy in the inductance, the current in the phase being turned off cannot drop to zero instantly. It overlaps with the new phase current, causing waveform distortion.

Increased torque ripple: The sudden current change during commutation produces torque fluctuations (as shown in typical waveforms). With large load inertia, the rotor may lose synchronization due to inertia mismatch.

3. Effect of Back Electromotive Force (Back-EMF)
At high speed: The back-EMF

E=keωE=ke​ω

increases, reducing the effective driving voltage

(Veff=VDC−EVeff​=VDC​−E)。

Conflict under high current demand:

Higher voltage is required to maintain current, but the supply voltage is limited.

The current cannot build up quickly enough, magnetic field strength becomes insufficient, and the rotor cannot keep pace with the commutation timing.

4. Position Detection Error (Sensorless Mode)
In square-wave sensorless control, commutation relies on detecting the zero-crossing of back-EMF.

High-current issues:

High current causes winding heating, changing resistance and distorting the back-EMF waveform.

Current noise interferes with zero-crossing detection accuracy, resulting in commutation timing errors.

Consequence: Early or late commutation causes misalignment between the magnetic field and rotor position, directly leading to loss of synchronization.

5. Parameter Sensitivity & Thermal Effects
High current → Temperature rise → Parameter drift:

Winding resistance (R) increases, further slowing current response.

Inductance (L) may decrease due to magnetic saturation, worsening current distortion.

Reduced system robustness: Open-loop square-wave control cannot adapt to parameter changes, increasing the risk of synchronization loss.

Improvement Directions
Hardware level:

Increase bus voltage (to compensate for back-EMF).

Optimize MOSFET/IGBT switching speed, reduce commutation dead-time.

Control strategy:

Closed-loop current control: Add PI regulation in the current loop to suppress sudden changes.

Dynamic commutation angle adjustment: Compensate advance angle based on load and speed.

Algorithm upgrade:

Switch to FOC (Field-Oriented Control) to eliminate torque ripple.

In sensorless mode, integrate high-frequency injection or Sliding Mode Observer (SMO).

Key Summary:
Loss of synchronization is essentially caused by the contradiction between the discrete commutation of square-wave control and the continuous motion of the motor. High current magnifies the insufficient dynamic response.
Fundamental solution: Balance “current response speed” and “commutation accuracy,” or adopt more advanced continuous control methods such as FOC.

If you’d like, I can also make a professional, diagram-supported version of this translation so it looks like a polished technical white paper or troubleshooting guide for your website or documentation. That would make it more visually engaging and easier to follow.

We need physical motor and propeller to send us.

Becasue we need to know :The diameter of the core, the height of the core, the cross-sectional area of the coil winding (used to calculate the saturation current of the ESC), the number of turns of the coil, the winding connection method, the number of slots per pole, the actual KV value, the highest battery voltage, the wire diameter, the AB coil inductance (in uH), the AC inductance, the BC coil inductance, the firmware we obtained needs to be tested on a physical motor for step and frequency sweep tests to view waveforms. If everything is okay, we need to test the temperature at the rated point. If there is a problem, we need to modify and adjust.

Yes, Our domestic customers have evaluated the conclusion our big power FOC ESC is better than the brand you have mentioned. The main advantages are response speed and stability. our Sinesic serise use SIC MOS，The power loss is 1/3 of that of IGBT,With the same output power, our electric control unit can reduce its weight by 50%.

Yes, all our BLHeli_32 ESC is support bidirection, please open the bidirection Dshot, it will work.

First connect motor and adjust throttle100%, then power on and ESC will beep two times. Second adjust throttle 0% and ESC will beep one time. After finishing these two steps, throttle calibration will be set successful. The followings ESC are taken the same way to do the throttle calibration: AMPX 40A(5-14S), AMPX 60A(5-14S), AMPX 80A(5-14S),AMPX 120A(5-14S),AMPX 200A(5-14S),AMPX 200A(12-24S).

You can use a multimeter to measure the signal, if the voltage is 3.3V means the ESC is still good. but the voltage under 3.3V mean the ESC is error.

We read the RPM signal by oscilloscope . RPM signal=pulse signal, an electrical speed corresponds to a pulse. for example, the motor is 12 poles, each revolution have 12 pulse signal output.

To relize ESC RS485 bus communication with flight controller, the hardware should be preparated first,The Flight Controller(FC) need to contain a RS485 Transceiver circuit, Connecting ESC via RS485 bus. FC as host, ESC as Device. Each ESC shares the same RS485 bus. FC’s PWM output as Throttle output as usual. Also using the PWM output to configure ESC Address ID before communication when more than two ESCs connecting the same RS485 bus.

So far we have not reached a communication agreement with any flight control supplier at present,so this function is not available at present. Welcome flight control developers to provide communication protocol so that we can achieve RS485 communication function in the future.

Yes, All of our AMPX ESC need to do calibration the throttle range when you start to use a new brushless ESC with another transmitter.

Here is list of our ESC which is not be propramed:AMPX 30A(2-6S), AMPX 40A pro(2-6S) ( it can open and close the DEO),AMPX xrotor pro 60A(2-6S),AMPX 80A(5-14S),AMPX 60A (5-14S),AMPX 120A (5-14S),AMPX 200A (5-14S),AMPX200A(12-24S),AMPX280A(12-24S). Except the AMPX 280A(12-24S) had set the timing degree is 15℃. other ESC is auto-adjusting timing meet almost all application.

The MAD 100A BLHeli-32 does not support Governor (helicopter governor mode). Only the first generation of BLHeli, developed several years ago, had support for the helicopter's GOVERNOR function. BLHeli-32 is now exclusively designed for multirotors.

When the drone braking, the ESC itself will produce a large brake peak pulse noise of the motor, which needs to be suppressed by a relatively large capacity electrolytic capacitor in parallel at the input end of the power supply.

Our square-wave ESC has two versions of protocol specifications: DroneCAN and CyphalCAN. When purchasing, you can choose the ESC based on the protocol supported by your own flight controller.
DroneCAN version ESC is compatible with Ardupilot.

Dshot telemetry and CAN telemetry have their own characteristics in the field of drones and robots, and here is how they compare:

1. Protocol type - Dshot telemetry: Based on digital signal transmission, designed for UAV electric modulation, support two-way communication.
-CAN Telemetry: Based on CAN bus, suitable for a variety of industrial applications, supporting multi-node communication.

2. Communication speed
Dshot telemetry: Fast and suitable for real-time scenarios, such as drone flight control.
CAN telemetry: the speed is slow, but the stability and anti-interference ability is strong, suitable for complex environments.

3. Topology
- Dshot Telemetry: point-to-point or star topology, mainly used for communication between electrical and flight control.
- CAN telemetry: Multi-node bus topology, suitable for communication between multiple devices.

4. Data capacity
- Dshot Telemetry: Small data capacity, mainly used to transmit power status and simple telemetry data.
- CAN telemetry: Large data capacity, support complex data frames, suitable for transmitting more information.

5. Anti-interference ability
- Dshot telemetry: The anti-interference ability is general, suitable for the electromagnetic environment is good.
- CAN telemetry: Strong anti-interference ability, suitable for industrial and other complex environments.

6. Application Scenarios
- Dshot telemetry: mainly used in UAVs, especially in scenarios requiring high-speed response.
- CAN telemetry: Widely used in automotive, industrial automation and other scenarios requiring high reliability and multi-node communication.

7. Complexity and cost
- Dshot telemetry: Easy to implement, low cost, suitable for consumer drones.
- CAN telemetry: Complex and expensive to implement, suitable for applications with high reliability requirements.

8.Sum up
- Dshot telemetry: Suitable for scenarios such as drones that require high-speed, real-time communication.
- CAN Telemetry: Suitable for complex environments that require high reliability and multi-node communication.
The choice depends on the specific application requirements.

In BLDC motor control, square wave drive (such as six-step commutation) tends to lose synchronization easily under high current conditions, mainly due to factors such as dynamic current response, nonlinear magnetic fields, and commutation delay. Out-of-step essence: The discrete commutation of square waves conflicts with the motor's continuous motion, and high current amplifies the problem of insufficient dynamic response. Fundamental solution: A balance must be struck between 'current response speed' and 'commutation accuracy,' or more advanced continuous control methods (such as FOC) should be used.

-About 3.8V

-Fully charged long-term storage can cause battery bulges, which can cause some safety issues. We recommend that batteries be stored neither fully charged nor at very low levels, and that they be stored in an iron box in a dark environment.

We can provide four different battery. Currently, the products on the e-shop are mainly A. The size of A+ Series battery is the same as that of A series, because the energy density is different and the battery weight is light. B and b+ system batteries need to be customized, you can send an email to consult.

The battery discharge cutoff voltage is 2.7V (single cell), usually we are about 3.0V landing. However, how much voltage is set for the specific landing also needs to be based on the load situation of the UAV, the power system data and how far the UAV flies.

Battery flight time calculation service, the parameters that customers need to provide are as follows:
1.Empty weight of the aircraft: the weight of the aircraft without the battery and payload, but including the weight of the power system and flight control system and other equipment necessary for flight.
2. Payload weight: the weight of the equipment being carried, if the equipment is an electrical device, please let us know its operating voltage and power.
3. Desired endurance flight time: the desired endurance flight time.
4. Other parameters: for example, the battery voltage used in the drone design.,quadcopter, X8 quadcopter,hexcopter, octocopter. eVTOL, and so on.

A:we choose the cells should be get the three values:
1. capacity tolerance ±2.0%,
2. voltage difference ±5mV,
3. Resistance ±5mΩ. During the use of lithium batteries, with the accumulation of discharge times, the capacity, voltage and internal resistance of each cell in the battery pack will gradually change. If the accuracy of the charging device is not enough, these differences will become increasingly large. Usually we think that after the above standards, the health of the battery is declining.

A lithium ion battery is a type of battery that uses lithium ions to store energy. A lithium polymer battery is a type of lithium ion battery that uses a polymer electrolyte instead of a liquid one. In fact, lithium polymer is a type of lithium polymer, but it contains some polymer components. However, in general, it can be considered a type of lithium ion battery from a principle point of view. It uses the insertion and removal of ions to store energy, so it can be said that lithium polymer batteries are a type of lithium ion batteries.

Please check your Spam email first ,if the email still not in your spam .Please chang another email to try again. Because our service provider judged it as spam and the other party would not accept it.

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We will send the goods within 3-10 working days from china after we got the payment.

Single-axis tension refers to the tension of the system along a single axis, calculated by dividing the total tension by the corresponding number of axes. In this context, the single-axis tension is the total tension divided by Number of drone axes.

Single-axis power is determined by referencing a table and calculation. At a tension of 4kg, the system efficiency is approximately 9.3g/W. Therefore, single-axis power is calculated by dividing the total power by the system efficiency, i.e., 4000/9.3=430W.

The total machine power is the product of the single-axis power and the number of axes, i.e., 430*4=1720W. It's important to note that this value needs to account for the power consumption of avionics equipment, resulting in a total power of approximately 1730W.

Battery energy is calculated based on battery voltage, capacity, and other parameters. In this context, the battery energy is 3.651235=1533Wh.

The flight time is calculated by dividing the battery energy by the total machine power, multiplying by 60 (to convert to minutes), and then multiplying by a correction factor. In this scenario, the flight time is 1533/1730600.9=47.85 minutes.

During actual flights, it is not advisable to completely discharge the battery to avoid irreversible damage. It is recommended to leave a reserve of 5% to 10% of the battery capacity.

FPV (First-Person View) racing drone, also known as drone racing quadcopter, is a type of drone specifically designed for those who seek an ultimate flying experience and competition. It utilizes advanced flight control technology and high-definition image transmission system, allowing the pilot to obtain a real-time view of the flight and enjoy an immersive flying experience. FPV racing drones are highly popular among aviation enthusiasts worldwide due to their high speed, agility, and superior flight performance.

If the pursuit of cost-effective and functional, matte propellor is the better choice; If you focus on appearance or special scene needs (such as low reflective interference), light propeller may be more suitable.

Our folding polymer propellers are a regular choice for work involving approximately 2500mm. For high-altitude and cold environments, we suggest using our VTOL carbon fiber series propellers.

They are accurate professional test platforms. Thrust Accuracy is 0.1%+0.1%FS. Torque and RPM sensor is 0.05%±0.05FS. Our test platforms include: 5kg, 30kg CO-30kg, 70kg, 300kg, CO-500kg. We conduct precise testing for motors of different levels.
For example, the 5010 EEE 310KV paired with the Fluxer Pro 20X6.0 Matt AMPX 40A Pro (2-6S)

Motor parameter table, output power (Output Power) and torque (Torque) are calculated through the following formulas:：
1. Output Power formula
Pout=T×ωPout​=T×ω or
Pout=2π×n×T60Pout​=602π×n×T​
PoutPout​：Output Powe（Unit：W）
[ T ]: Torque (unit: N·m)
[ n ]: Rotational speed (unit: rpm, revolutions per minute)
[ \omega ]: Angular velocity (unit: rad/s)ω=2πn60ω=602πn​Verification Example (at 50% throttle):
Torque: [ T = 0.316 , \text{N·m} ]
Rotational speed: [ n = 3254 , rpm ]
Calculation:
Pout=2π×3254×0.31660≈107.7 WPout​=602π×3254×0.316​≈107.7W
Matches the table value of 107.7 W.

2.Torque formula
T=Poutω=60×Pout2π×nT=ωPout​​=2π×n60×Pout​​
Or calculate backwards based on input power and efficiency：
T=60×(Pin×Efficiency)2π×nT=2π×n60×(Pin​×Efficiency)​
3.Verification Example（Taking 50% throttle behavior as an example）：output power Pout=107.7 WPout​=107.7W
Rotational speed n=3254 rpmn=3254rpm
Calculation: Consistent with 0.316 N m in the table
3.the relationship with efficiency and output power
Pin=V×IPin​=V×IEfficiency=PoutPin×100%Efficiency=Pin​Pout​​×100%
PinPin​：input（voltage×current）
Efficiency: The percentage of output power to input power.
Verification example（Taking 50% throttle behavior as an example）：voltage V=23.94 VV=23.94V，current  I=5.72 AI=5.72A
Input power：Pin=23.94×5.72≈136.3 WPin​=23.94×5.72≈136.3We
Efficiency=107.7136.3×100%≈82%Efficiency=136.3107.7​×100%≈82%
Matches the table value of 82%.

It is the temperature recorded during the 0-100 throttle process (with a 5% throttle increase every 3 seconds).